Dugan

Menurut Kamus Old English:

DUGAN

part. dugende; ic, he deah, deag; ðú duge, pl. dugon; p. dohte, pl. dohton To avail, to be of use, able, fit, strong, vigorous, good, virtuous, honest, bountiful, kind, liberal; valēre, prōdesse, frūgi ease, bŏnum esse, munĭfĭcum, vel libĕrālem se præbēre :-- Ðonne his ellea deah when his valour avails, Beo. Th. 1151; B. 573: Andr. Kmbl. 920; An. 460: Bt. 29, 2; Fox 106, 1. Se ðe his heorte deah he whose heart is good, Cd. 219; Th, 282, 8; Sat. 283. Húru se aldor deah [Th. þeáh, Beo. 744], se ðǽm heaðorincum hider wísade the chief is able indeed, who has led the warriors hither, B. 369. Ðeáh ðú heaðorǽsa gehwǽr dohte, grimre gúþe though thou hast everywhere been vigorous in martial onslaughts, in grim war, Beo. Th. 1057; B. 526. Gif he ǽr ne dohte if he were not before virtuous, Bt. 27, 2; Fox 98, 14. Dó á ðætte duge do ever what is virtuous, Exon. 80 a; Th. 300, 10; Fä. 4. Ðet him náðor ne dohte ne innhere ne úthere so that neither the in-army nor the out-army was of use to them, Chr. 1006; Th. 257, 15, col. 1. Swá swá hí sceoldon, gif hí dohton as they ought, if they were honest, Bt, 18, 3; Fox 64, 37. Ðæt ðú dohtest ðínum bréðer and wædlan and þearfan that thou be bountiful to thy brother, to the poor, and to the needy, Deut. 15, 11. Ðú us wel dohtest thou wast truly kind to us, Beo. Th. 3647; B. 1821: 2693; B. 1344. Hú me cyne-góde cystum dohten how the good by race were munificently liberal to me, Exon. 85 b; Th. 322, 1; Wíd. 56: 86 a; Th. 324, 4; Wíd. 89. Ða sceolon eall dugende beón swá swá hit gedafenaþ ðam háde they shall all be virtuous so as is befitting the order, L. Ælf. C. 16; Th. ii. 348, 16. [Dugan is the third of the twelve Anglo-Saxon verbs called præterito-præsentia, and given under ágan, q. v. The inf. dugan and the pret. deah, pl. dugon, retaining preterite inflections, are taken from the p. of a strong verb deogan, p. deah, pl. dugon; pp. dogen, ascertained from deah; pl. dugon, which shews the ablaut or internal change of the vowel in the p. of the twelfth class of Grimm's division of strong verbs [Grm. i. p. 898; Koch, i. p. 252], and requires by analogy with other verbs of the same class the inf. deogan and the pp. dogen; thus we find the original verb deogan, p. deah, pl. dugon; pp. dogen. The weak p. dohte, pl. dohton [ = duhte, duhton], is formed regularly from the inf. dugan. The same præterito-præsens may be generally observed in the following cognate words :--

	inf.	pres.	pl.	p.
Piers P. Orm.		degh, dægh,
O. Sax	dugan,	dóg,	dugun,
O. Frs.	duga,	duch,
M. H. Ger.	tugen,	touc,		tohte,
O. H. Ger.	tugan,	touc,	tugun, 3rd pers. pl.	tohta,
Goth.	dugan,	dáug,	dugum,	daúhta.]

dugan