Lád

Zgodnie ze Słownikiem Staroangielskim:

e;

lád

f. I. a course, way :-- Micel is lád ofer lagustreám great is the way across the water, Andr. Kmbl. 845; An. 423: Exon. 94 a; Th. 353, 17; Reim. 14. Brimwudu láde fús the ship swift in its course, 52 a; Th. 182, 6; Gú. 1306. Ne lǽt ðú ðec síðes getwǽfan láde gelettan lifgende monn do not thou let living man divert thee from thy journey, hinder thee from thy way, 123 b; Th. 474, 3; Bo. 24: Beo. Th. 1142 ; B. 569. Hú lomp eów on láde ðá ðú gehogodest sæcce sécean ofer sealt water, 3978; B. 1987. Ic freónda beþearf on láde ðonne ic sceal langne hám ána gesécan I need friends on my way, when alone I must seek my long home, Apstls. Kmbl. 183; Ap. 92: Andr. Kmbl. 551; An. 276. Noe tealde ðæt hé (the raven) hine, gif hé on ðære láde land ne funde, sécan wolde, Cd. 72; Th. 87, 5: Gen. 1444. Se ús ðás láde sceóp who shaped this course for us, 89: Th. 110, 21; Gen. 1841. II. a lode, watercourse (as a component in local names) :-- Mariscem quam circumfluit Iaegnlaad, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. i. 190, 6. Ad aquæ ripam Iaenláde, 163, 16. Cappelád, Wodelád are other instances occurring in the Charters. III. carrying, carriage, bringing (see lǽdan) :-- Sunnandæges cýpinge wé forbeódaþand ǽlc weorc and ǽlce láde ǽgðer ge on wǽne ge on horse ge on byrdene we forbid Sunday traffic and all work and all carrying (of goods, &c.) both by waggon and by horse and by the man himself, L. N. P. L. 55; Th. ii. 298, 22. [The word lád in this passage can hardly be translated 'journeying ;' for, in the first place, such a meaning does not well suit the phrase on byrdene, and, next, some journeying was allowed. Thus, L. E. I. 24; Th. ii. 420, 21-, it is said no secular work was to be done 'bútan hwam gebyrige ðæt hé nýde faran scyle; ðonne mót hé swá rídan swá rówan swá swilce færelde faran swylce tó his wege gehyrige.' The threefold division of the means of carriage seems to be that found in the Icelandic law where, dealing with the observance of Sunday, it is said of the amount that might be carried in journeying on that day 'er rétt at bera á sjálfum see ( = on byrdene) eþa fara á skipi eþa bera á hrossi.'] On sumon hé sceal láde lǽdan on some lands the 'genéat' has to furnish means of carriage, L. R. S. 2; Th. 1. 432, 14. Cf. 436, 5-6 :-- Hé sceal beón gehorsad ðæt hé mǽge tó hláfordes seáme ðæt syllan oððe sylf lǽdan. The word used in both cases in the Latin translation is summagium, in reference to which, and to the English words which it translates, may be quoted Thorpe's explanation in his glossary: 'Lád, seám, summagium. A service, which consisted in supplying the lord with beasts of burthen, or, as defined by Roquefort (voce somey): "Service qu'un vassal devoit à son seigneur, et qui consistoit à faire faire quelques voyages par ses betes de somme." See Spelman sub voce, and Du Cange voce Sagma.' The phrase láde lǽdan occurs in a similar passage, dealing with the duties of the 'geneát; in Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 450, 31- :-- Se geneát [at Dyddanham] sceal wyrcan swá on lande, swá of lande, hweðer swá man být and rídan, and auerian, and láde lǽdan, dráfe drífan, and fela óðra þinga dón. The later English lode seems to keep this meaning. Thus Prompt. Parv. 310, loode or caryage vectura; lodysmanne vector, lator, vehicularius: the verb lead is found with the sense of carry, e.g. p. 62 cartyn or lede wythe a carte; and in the note, and again in a note on p. 293, we have the phrases 'to lede dong,' 'to lede wheet,' &c. See also scip-lád. IV. Sustenance, provision, means of subsistence :-- Ne sceal se dryhtnes þeów in his módsefan máre gelufian eorþan ǽhtwelan ðonne his ánes gemet ðæt hé his líchoman láde hæbbe nor shall the servant of the Lord love more of earth's possessions, than a sufficiency for himself, that he may have sustenance for his body, Exon. 38 a; Th. 125, 27; Gú. 360. With this use of lád may be compared the later English lif-lode which, besides the meaning conduct, has that of sustenance :-- Heo tilede here lyflode ... heo fonden hem sustynance ynow, R. Glouc. 41, 22: Prompt. Parv. lyvelode victus; lyflode or warysone donativum. So O. H. Ger. líb-leita victus, annona, alimonium. [In further illustration of lád the following native and foreign words are given. Orm. Þe steoressmann aȝȝ lokeþþ till an steorrne þatt stannt aȝȝ still ... forr þatt he wile follȝhenn aȝȝ þatt ilike steorrness lade (guidance); o lade on the way: A. R. lode burthen (Mod. E. lode-star: Icel. leið. I. a way, course, road. II. a levy: O. H. Ger. leita, funus, ducatus; pl. exequiæ; see also compounds of leiti, Grff. ii. 187]. DER. brim-, eá-, ge-, in-, lagu-, líf-, mere-, sǽ-, scip-, út-, ýð-lád. lad

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