Heard
Bosworth & Toller 盎格鲁-撒克逊古英语词典 - heard
根据古英语词典：
- heard
- Add: -- Heard dira, heardre dirae, Wrt. Voc. ii. 27, 64, 72. I. of material :-- Wæs hió (an iceberg) hetegrim . . . bordweallas (the sides of a ship) gróf heard (or under VI ?) and híþende, Rä. 34, 7. Gúðbyrne . . . heard, handlocen, B. 322. Heardes ísenes grindlas, Gen. 383. Mid hefegum helme oððe heardre byrnan, Hml. Th. ii. 502, 13. Ic læg on heardum stáne, Cri. 1425. Hearde méde (cf. on Heardanlége, ðǽre is óðer noma Drýganlég, C. D. I a. used of a tree; cf. hard-beam :-- Hé ástág in treé heard (treó heord, R.) ascendit in arborem sicomorum, Lk. L. 19, 4. Ǽlces treówcynnes dǽl . . . bútan heardan beáman, Lch. i. 398, 8. I b. used substantively :-- Ealle þá sár and ꝥ hearde hyt gelíðigaþ and gehnesceaþ, Lch. i. 368, 1. I c. used figuratively :-- Þú heardeste strǽl tó ǽghwilcre unrihtnesse,Bl. H. 241, 3. II. of persons, (1) capable of great physical endurance or exertion, hardy, bold in fight (lit. or fig.) :-- Is his eafora nú heard hér cumen, B. 376. Róf óretta heard under helme, 2539. Þǽr oninnan bær eorlgestreóna hringa hyrde, UNCERTAIN hard wyrðne dǽl fǽttan goldes there in bore of treasures, of plated gold, the rings' keeper bold a noble portion, 2245. [For hard wyrðne several emendations have been suggested: hard-fyrdne, hard-fyndes, hord-wyrðne, hord-wynne.] Árás þá se rica (Beowulf) . . . sume þǽr bidon . . . swá him se hearda beheád, 401. Wracu sceal heardum men (cf. sélre bið ǽghwǽm þæt hé his freónd wrece, B. 1385), Gn. Ex. 153. Ecg sceal on sweorde and ord spere, hyge heardum men, 205. Frægn Scipia hiene an hwíg hit gelang wǽre ꝥ Numentie swá raðe áhnescaden, swá hearde swá hié longe wǽron. Ðá sǽde hé ꝥ hié wǽren hearde þá hwíle þe hié hira ánrǽdnesse geheóldon him betweónum Scipio Tiresum consuluit, qua ope res Numantina aut prius invicta durasset, aut post fuisset eversa. Tiresus respondit: ' Concordia invicta . . . ', Ors. 5, 3; Swt. 222, 13-18. Hearde hildfrecan, B. 2205. Gúðfrecan gáras sendon on heardra gemang, Jud. 225. (l a) with gen. of noun defining form of activity :-- Beadwe heard, B. 1539. Wíges heard Créca drihten (Ulysses), Met. 26, 13. Níðweorca heard (Edgar), Chr. 973; P. 118, 23. ¶ figuratively of a saint :-- Beorn (St. Andrew) beaduwe heard, An. 984. (2) firm, steadfast, resolute :-- Þeáh þe se líchoma wǽre mid þǽre untrumnesse swá swíðe geswenced, hweþre his mód wæs á heard and gefeónde on Drihten, Bl. H. 227, 9: Gú. 950. Árás eorla wynn heard, hygesnottor . . . méðe for þám miclum bisgum, 1082, Heard and higestrang, Men. 42 : An. 1401. Se hearda hyge, Gú. 517. Þá þrý cómon tó þeódne foran hearde and higeþancle, Dan. 94. II a. of word or thought, bold, resolute :-- Á scyle geong mon wesan geómormód, heard heortan geþóht swylce habban sceal, blíðe gebǽro, Kl. 43. Him þá bróðor þrý æt sprǽce þǽre hǽldon hygesorge heardum wordum, Gen. 2035. III. of things. (1) capable of resisting wear or injury :-- Þá treówa þe beóð áheáwene on fullum mónan beóð heardran wið wyrmǽtan and lengfǽrran þonne þá ðe beóð on níwum mónan áheáwene, Lch. iii. 268, 10. IV. of a character not easily impressed or moved. (1) of persons, obdurate :-- Manige men beóð heardre heortan, Bl. H. 57, 18. Módblinde men flintum heardran, Cri. 1189. Heó wáron stearce, stáne heardran, El. 565. Ic wæs þæs heardestan geþóhtes mann (a man of a mind impervious to good influences (?): the Latin is: homo obscurae opiniouis), þæt ic mé míne dagas tó nytte ne gedyde, Fórst. Verc. 137, 18. (2) of non-material things, rigid, unyielding :-- Heardum rigido (imperio), An. Ox. 1293. V. difficult to bear, oppressive, rigorous, strict. (1) of things not necessarily painful :-- Him heard (durum) wæs ꝥ hí on ealdum móde wǽron geneádode níwe þing tó smeágenne, Gr. D. 104, 20. Heard wæs hinsíð, Hö. 7. Ús seó wyrd scyðeð heard and hetegrim, An. 1564. Heardan ceápe, B. 2482. Þurh heard gelác, An. 1094. Feala ðú ætýwdest folce ðínum heardra wísan ostendisti populo tuo dura, Ps. Th. 59, 3. Hearde laga rigidas (i. duras) leges, Wülck. Gl. 256, 33. Heardran hǽle, B. 719. Nǽfre ic geférde heardran drohtnoð, An. 1404. Nýd bið wyrda heardost. Sal. 310. (2) of painful things :-- Næs ná mid Rómánum ǽr ne siþþan swá heard gefeoht swá þǽr wæs numquam ulla Romano militi tumultuosior pugna et terribilior fuit, Ors. 5, 7; S. 230, 12. Níð heard and hetegrim, An. 1397. Heardes hellewítes, Gen. 303. Ðone kyning ðe hine on swá heardum wræce gebróhte, Past. 37, 4. Sume hé lét þreágan mid heardum broce alios duris agitari sinit, Bt. 39, 11; F. 228, 24. Longe ic wæs nú on ðǽm heardan campe, Bl. H. 225, 31. Hón on heardre hengene, Hml. Th. ii. 308, 30: Hml. S. 37, 101, 157. Morðorleán heard and heorogrim, Cri. 1613. Þincð sió sóðe gesǽlð þý wynsumre þe hé má heardra hénða ádreógeð, Met. 12, 21 : B. 166. Heardra hearma, An. 1447. Þeán ðe þæt wíte hwéne heardre and strengre gedón sié cum paulo districtius agitur, Bd. 1, 27 ; Sch. 66, 16. Wíta heardost, Kr. 87. ꝥ hé onfó þæs heardestan þeówdómes, Bl. H. 49, 5. (3) of a time in which there is suffering :-- Se hearda dæg (the day of doom), Cri. 1065. Nǽnig bihelan mæg on þám heardan dæge wom unbéted, 1311. VI. of persons, harsh, severe in dealing with any one : :-- Symble hé þá steóre dyde bútan mildheortnesse, and hit má dyde on wælgrimnesse wyllan þonne mid ǽnigre mildheortlicre forgifnesse . . . hé wæs swá heard and unforgyfende þám forwyrhtum mannum, Gr. D. 320, 1. Wearð Tiberius Rómánum swá wráð and swá heard swá hé him ǽr wæs milde and iéþe inmutata est Tiberli UNCERTAIN modestia, atque ex mansuetissimo principe saevissima bestia exarsit, Ors. 6, 2 ; S. 254, 30. Hét mec hláford min hér heard (?her-heard, MS. ; see hearh-eard. Grein suggested eard, but the alliteration seems to require heard. Cf. oððe þis waroð þe hér áworpen ligeð, Rä 41, 49) niman, Kl. 15. Gé him ǽghwæs oftugon þurh heardne hyge hrægles nacedum, móses meteleásum, Cri. 1506. VI a. of a person's actions, qualities, &c. :-- Þara cyninga wælhreównes wæs tó þám heard, Bt. 29, 2 ; F. 104, 33. Heard spéc sermo durus (suscitat furorem Prov. 15, 1), Kent. Gl. 503. Hé þóhte forgrípan gumcynne grimme and sáre heardum mihtum, Gen. 1276. VI b. of a thing with which injury may be inflicted by a person :-- Heardum méce dira framea An. Ox. 890. VII. intense in force or degree :-- Gif seó sealf sié tó hear[d], geswét mid hunige, Lch. ii. 36, 16. Þonne heard gebrec, hlúd, unmǽte, swár and swíðlic, swégdynna mǽst, ældum egeslic, eáwed weorðeð, Cri. 954. Se líchoma on þone heardestan stenc and on þone fúlostan bið gecyrred, Bl. H. 59, 12. VIII. of energetic, vehement action :-- Heard handplega, Exod. 327. Heard gripe hrúsan, Ruin. 8. Heorosweng heardne, B. 1590. Is þé gúð weotod heardum heoruswengum, An. 954. v. ecg-, ellen-, feól-, for-, fýr-, gúþ-, hrímig-, íren-, mægen-, níþ-, regn-, scúr-, slíþ-, stearc-, stede-, þræc-, þroht-, wig-heard. The word is found in many person-names: for a list of such see Txts. pp. 485-6. heard